Palabras clave
Embarazo activo
salud materno-fetal
ejercicio prenatal
riesgo obstétrico
beneficios perinatales
salud materno-fetal
ejercicio prenatal
riesgo obstétrico
beneficios perinatales
Cómo citar
Cedeño Muñoz, A. E., & Marrero González, D. (2023). Influencia de la actividad física en el binomio materno fetal en embarazadas trabajadoras. Revista Estudiantil CEUS (Ciencia Estudiantil Unidad De Salud), 5(1), 1-10. Recuperado a partir de https://ceus.ucacue.edu.ec/index.php/ceus/article/view/139
Resumen
Antecedentes: La actividad física regular durante el embarazo reduce el riesgo de resultados adversos del embarazo y está indicada en la mayoría de los casos. Sin embargo, debe realizarse con cautela e intensidad adecuada, a fin de mantener su efecto positivo en el desarrollo de la placenta. Objetivo: Se evaluó la influencia de la actividad física en el binomio materno fetal en embarazadas trabajadoras atendidas en el Centro Médico Dr. Hernán Cedeño de Rocafuerte. Metodología: La investigación fue observacional, descriptiva y de corte transversal. El estudio se realizó con 64 embarazadas trabajadoras atendidas durante 2022. La información se recopiló mediante un cuestionario de actividad física durante el embarazo y una encuesta anónima validada. Resultados: La mayoría de las gestantes tenían entre 26 y 30 años de edad, residía en áreas rurales y realizaba trabajos físicos. Además, la mayor parte de las gestantes era multípara y había tenido cesáreas previas. La duración de los embarazos anteriores se situó principalmente entre 37 y 41,6 semanas. El peso al nacer de los recién nacidos anteriores estuvo entre 2500 y 3999 g y la mayoría tuvo una puntuación de Apgar entre 7 y 10. Conclusiones: Estos resultados respaldan la importancia de promover la actividad física como parte integral de la atención prenatal en las embarazadas trabajadoras. Se recomienda que los profesionales de la salud incluyan la actividad física como parte de las pautas de cuidado durante el embarazo, ofreciendo opciones seguras y adecuadas para cada etapa gestacional.
Citas
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2. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Physical Activity and Exercise during Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 804. Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 135:e178-e188. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003772
3. Wojtyła C, Ciebiera M, Wojtyła-Buciora P, Janaszczyk A, Brzecka P, Wojtyła A. Physical activity patterns in third trimester of pregnancy - Use of pregnancy physical activity questionnaire in Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2020; 27:388-393. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/110480"ttps://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/110480
4. Fuchs A, Jainta N, Hauzer A, Fuchs P, Czech I, Sikora J, Drosdzol-Cop A, Zborowska K, Skrzypulec-Plinta V. Physical activity in pregnancy - a review of literature and current recommendations. Gin Pol Med Project. 2018; 2(48):017-021. Disponible en: https://www.ginekologiaipoloznictwo.com/articles/physical-activity-in-pregnancy--a-review-of-literature-and-current-recommendations.pdf
5. Melzer K, Schutz Y, Boulvain M, Kayser B. Physical Activity and Pregnancy. Sports Med. 2010; 40:493-507. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2165/11532290-000000000-00000
6. Clapp JF 3rd. The effects of maternal exercise on fetal oxygenation and feto-placental growth. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2003; 110 Suppl 1:S80-5. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-2115(03)00176-3
7. Aune D, Sen A, Henriksen T, Saugstad OD, Tonstad S. Physical activity and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 2016; 31(10):967-997. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-016-0176-0
8. Perales M, Calabria I., Lopez C, Franco E, Coteron J, Barakat R. Regular Exercise Throughout Pregnancy Is Associated With a Shorter First Stage of Labor. Am J Health Promotion. 2016; 30(3):149-154. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.140221-QUAN-79
9. Salvesen KÅ, Stafne SN, Eggebø TM, Mørkved S. Does regular exercise in pregnancy influence duration of labor? A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scan. 2014; 93(1):73-79. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12260
10. Goławski K, Wojtyła C. Impact of Physical Activity of Pregnant Women on Obstetric Outcomes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19:12541. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912541
11. Domenjoz I, Kayser B, Boulvain M. Effect of physical activity during pregnancy on mode of delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 211:401.e1-401.e11. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.030
12. Currie LM, Woolcott CG, Fell DB, Armson BA, Dodds L. The association between physical activity and maternal and neonatal outcomes: a prospective cohort. Matern Child Health J. 2014; 18(8):1823-30. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-013-1426-3
13. Szumilewicz A, Wojtyła A, Zarębska A, Drobnik-Kozakiewicz I, Sawczyn M, Kwitniewska A. Influence of prenatal physical activity on the course of labour and delivery according to the new Polish standard for perinatal care. Ann Agri Environ Med. 2013; 20(2):380-389. Disponible en: https://www.aaem.pl/pdf-71946-9173?filename=Influence%20of%20prenatal.pdf
14. Lynch KE, Landsbaugh JR, Whitcomb BW, Pekow P, Markenson G, Chasan-Taber L. Am J Prev Med. 2012; 43(4):434-439. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.06.020
15. González-Collado F, Ruiz-Giménez A, Salinas-Salinas GJ. Indicaciones y contraindicaciones del ejercicio físico en la mujer embarazada. Clín Invest Gin Obs. 2013; 40(2):72-76. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gine.2011.11.008
16. Sánchez-Mompeán S, López-Sánchez GF, Zauder R. Translation and transcultural adaptation of the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) into Spanish. ESHPA - Education, Sport, Health and Physical Activity. 2018; 2(2):124-44. Disponible en: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/51751
17. Sibai BM, Hauth J, Caritis S, Lindheimer MD, MacPherson C, Klebanoff M, VanDorsten JP, Landon M, Miodovnik M, Paul R, Meis P, Thurnau G, Dombrowski M, Roberts J, McNellis D. Hypertensive disorders in twin versus singleton gestations. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000; 182(4):938-42. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(00)70350-4
18. Marchi J, Berg M, Dencker A, Olander EK, Begley C. Risks associated with obesity in pregnancy, for the mother and baby: a systematic review of reviews. Obes Rev. 2015; 16(8):621-38. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12288
19. Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 130: prediction and prevention of preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 120(4):964-73. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182723b1b
20. Rao S, Yajnik CS, Kanade A, Fall CH, Margetts BM, Jackson AA, Shier R, Joshi S, Rege S, Lubree H, Desai B. Intake of micronutrient-rich foods in rural Indian mothers is associated with the size of their babies at birth: Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. J Nutr. 2001; 131(4):1217-24. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.4.1217
21. American Academy of Pediatrics y American Heart Association. Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation. 8th ed. Eds. Weiner GM, Zaichkin J. EE.UU: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2020. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1542/9781610025256
22. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 804: Physical Activity and Exercise During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: Correction. Obstet Gynecol. 2021; 138(4):683. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004558
23. Barakat R, Pelaez M, Lopez C, Montejo R, Coteron J. Exercise during pregnancy reduces the rate of cesarean and instrumental deliveries: results of a randomized controlled trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012; 25(11):2372-6. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2012.696165
24. American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021; 44(Suppl 1):S15-S33. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-S002
25. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 202: Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2019; 133(1):1. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003018
26. Milman N. Anemia--still a major health problem in many parts of the world! Ann Hematol. 2011; 90(4):369-77. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-010-1144-5
27. Tobacco and Nicotine Cessation During Pregnancy: ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 807. Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 135(5):e221-e229. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003822
28. Roozen S, Peters GJ, Kok G, Townend D, Nijhuis J, Curfs L. Worldwide Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review Including Meta-Analysis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2016; 40(1):18-32. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12939
29. Committee Opinion No. 711: Opioid Use and Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2017; 130(2):e81-e94. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002235
30. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 762: Prepregnancy Counseling. Obstet Gynecol. 2019; 133(1):e78-e89. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003013
31. ACOG Practice Bulletin No 156: Obesity in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2015; 126(6):e112-e126. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000001211
32. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 95: anemia in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2008; 112(1):201-7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181809c0d
33. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 190: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Obstet Gynecol. 2018; 131(2):e49-e64. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002501
34. Milman NT. Dietary Iron Intake in Women of Reproductive Age in Europe: A Review of 49 Studies from 29 Countries in the Period 1993-2015. J Nutr Metab. 2019; 2019:7631306. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7631306
35. Feng J, Shan X, Wang L, Lu J, Cao Y, Yang L. Association of Body Iron Metabolism with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Women of Childbearing Age: Results from the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (2015). Nutrients. 2023; 15(8):1935. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081935
2. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Physical Activity and Exercise during Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 804. Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 135:e178-e188. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003772
3. Wojtyła C, Ciebiera M, Wojtyła-Buciora P, Janaszczyk A, Brzecka P, Wojtyła A. Physical activity patterns in third trimester of pregnancy - Use of pregnancy physical activity questionnaire in Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2020; 27:388-393. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/110480"ttps://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/110480
4. Fuchs A, Jainta N, Hauzer A, Fuchs P, Czech I, Sikora J, Drosdzol-Cop A, Zborowska K, Skrzypulec-Plinta V. Physical activity in pregnancy - a review of literature and current recommendations. Gin Pol Med Project. 2018; 2(48):017-021. Disponible en: https://www.ginekologiaipoloznictwo.com/articles/physical-activity-in-pregnancy--a-review-of-literature-and-current-recommendations.pdf
5. Melzer K, Schutz Y, Boulvain M, Kayser B. Physical Activity and Pregnancy. Sports Med. 2010; 40:493-507. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2165/11532290-000000000-00000
6. Clapp JF 3rd. The effects of maternal exercise on fetal oxygenation and feto-placental growth. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2003; 110 Suppl 1:S80-5. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-2115(03)00176-3
7. Aune D, Sen A, Henriksen T, Saugstad OD, Tonstad S. Physical activity and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 2016; 31(10):967-997. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-016-0176-0
8. Perales M, Calabria I., Lopez C, Franco E, Coteron J, Barakat R. Regular Exercise Throughout Pregnancy Is Associated With a Shorter First Stage of Labor. Am J Health Promotion. 2016; 30(3):149-154. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.140221-QUAN-79
9. Salvesen KÅ, Stafne SN, Eggebø TM, Mørkved S. Does regular exercise in pregnancy influence duration of labor? A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scan. 2014; 93(1):73-79. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12260
10. Goławski K, Wojtyła C. Impact of Physical Activity of Pregnant Women on Obstetric Outcomes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19:12541. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912541
11. Domenjoz I, Kayser B, Boulvain M. Effect of physical activity during pregnancy on mode of delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 211:401.e1-401.e11. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.030
12. Currie LM, Woolcott CG, Fell DB, Armson BA, Dodds L. The association between physical activity and maternal and neonatal outcomes: a prospective cohort. Matern Child Health J. 2014; 18(8):1823-30. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-013-1426-3
13. Szumilewicz A, Wojtyła A, Zarębska A, Drobnik-Kozakiewicz I, Sawczyn M, Kwitniewska A. Influence of prenatal physical activity on the course of labour and delivery according to the new Polish standard for perinatal care. Ann Agri Environ Med. 2013; 20(2):380-389. Disponible en: https://www.aaem.pl/pdf-71946-9173?filename=Influence%20of%20prenatal.pdf
14. Lynch KE, Landsbaugh JR, Whitcomb BW, Pekow P, Markenson G, Chasan-Taber L. Am J Prev Med. 2012; 43(4):434-439. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.06.020
15. González-Collado F, Ruiz-Giménez A, Salinas-Salinas GJ. Indicaciones y contraindicaciones del ejercicio físico en la mujer embarazada. Clín Invest Gin Obs. 2013; 40(2):72-76. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gine.2011.11.008
16. Sánchez-Mompeán S, López-Sánchez GF, Zauder R. Translation and transcultural adaptation of the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) into Spanish. ESHPA - Education, Sport, Health and Physical Activity. 2018; 2(2):124-44. Disponible en: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/51751
17. Sibai BM, Hauth J, Caritis S, Lindheimer MD, MacPherson C, Klebanoff M, VanDorsten JP, Landon M, Miodovnik M, Paul R, Meis P, Thurnau G, Dombrowski M, Roberts J, McNellis D. Hypertensive disorders in twin versus singleton gestations. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000; 182(4):938-42. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(00)70350-4
18. Marchi J, Berg M, Dencker A, Olander EK, Begley C. Risks associated with obesity in pregnancy, for the mother and baby: a systematic review of reviews. Obes Rev. 2015; 16(8):621-38. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12288
19. Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 130: prediction and prevention of preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 120(4):964-73. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182723b1b
20. Rao S, Yajnik CS, Kanade A, Fall CH, Margetts BM, Jackson AA, Shier R, Joshi S, Rege S, Lubree H, Desai B. Intake of micronutrient-rich foods in rural Indian mothers is associated with the size of their babies at birth: Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. J Nutr. 2001; 131(4):1217-24. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.4.1217
21. American Academy of Pediatrics y American Heart Association. Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation. 8th ed. Eds. Weiner GM, Zaichkin J. EE.UU: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2020. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1542/9781610025256
22. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 804: Physical Activity and Exercise During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: Correction. Obstet Gynecol. 2021; 138(4):683. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004558
23. Barakat R, Pelaez M, Lopez C, Montejo R, Coteron J. Exercise during pregnancy reduces the rate of cesarean and instrumental deliveries: results of a randomized controlled trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012; 25(11):2372-6. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2012.696165
24. American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021; 44(Suppl 1):S15-S33. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-S002
25. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 202: Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2019; 133(1):1. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003018
26. Milman N. Anemia--still a major health problem in many parts of the world! Ann Hematol. 2011; 90(4):369-77. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-010-1144-5
27. Tobacco and Nicotine Cessation During Pregnancy: ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 807. Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 135(5):e221-e229. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003822
28. Roozen S, Peters GJ, Kok G, Townend D, Nijhuis J, Curfs L. Worldwide Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review Including Meta-Analysis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2016; 40(1):18-32. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12939
29. Committee Opinion No. 711: Opioid Use and Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2017; 130(2):e81-e94. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002235
30. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 762: Prepregnancy Counseling. Obstet Gynecol. 2019; 133(1):e78-e89. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003013
31. ACOG Practice Bulletin No 156: Obesity in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2015; 126(6):e112-e126. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000001211
32. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 95: anemia in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2008; 112(1):201-7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181809c0d
33. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 190: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Obstet Gynecol. 2018; 131(2):e49-e64. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002501
34. Milman NT. Dietary Iron Intake in Women of Reproductive Age in Europe: A Review of 49 Studies from 29 Countries in the Period 1993-2015. J Nutr Metab. 2019; 2019:7631306. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7631306
35. Feng J, Shan X, Wang L, Lu J, Cao Y, Yang L. Association of Body Iron Metabolism with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Women of Childbearing Age: Results from the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (2015). Nutrients. 2023; 15(8):1935. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081935
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