Retinitis Pigmentosa

Abstract

Objective. Assess patients with retinosis pigmentaria comprising a large group of hereditary diseases characterized by primary and progressive loss of photoreceptors and other retinal cells secondarily. Results. The causes of the disease, despite the remarkable advances in these fields, the pathogenic mechanisms are not well known. We have identified a number of specific genes associated with retinosis pigmentaria, but it is unknown why a mutation of a gene expressed exclusively in rods or endothelium Reticular Pigment gene leads to the breakdown of photoreceptor outer layers, nuclear and plexiform outer retina. As for the clinical aspects, in this condition both types of photoreceptors are affected from the beginning. In the rod-cone shape, which is the most common and is known as "typical retinosis pigmentaria " the involvement of the rods is greater and above that of the cones. It predominant clinical type of retinosis pigmentaria with fondoscópicastípicas features and autosomal recessive inheritance. Conclution. The treatment is to stop the progression of the disease, the degenerative process shielding from sunlight, through vitamin therapy, treating the complications (cataract and macular edema), to help patients cope with the social and psychological impact of blindness. In the country of Cuba multiterapéutico use the application of treatment to treat patients with retinitis pigmentosa, it is an alternative that preserves the retinal pigment epithelium to more cyclical annual ozone therapy and electrical stimulation applications.